There are several ways to investigate the problem.
What is the bow thruster charger mfg and mfg model number?
My preference would be to measure the AC input current to the charger and the DC output current from the charger, using either a clamp-on or a shunt ammeter(s), to determine if those currents are appropriate or excessive. A fall-back, if those measurement tools are not available would be to use the panel ammeters, on the AC Distribution Panel and on the Charger front panel.
A 15A breaker is specified to sustain that rated current indefinitely and currents exceeding the rating for shorter times, as the current increases. (That is the simple explanation.)
If the currents are good, not excessive, but the breaker still trips, then I would suspect the breaker.
The next step is "easy" and no cost. Swap a known working breaker that sustains a similar load w/o problems into the bow thruster location and put the suspect breaker into the other location to see if the problem follows the breaker.
Kill the AC power feed to the boat and kill the generator prior to touching the AC wiring, to ensure follow-up forum updates are possible.
Breakers are known to get funny w/ age. (The local comedy club has a show this weekend featuring retired breakers.)
If the breaker is bad, replacements are readily available.